2014年2月28日星期五

The Tanks Manufactured By OGEM Solids Control for Oilfield

Mud Tank
OGEM mud tank often rectangle shape with H shape steel as the main frame, skid mounted after satisfying the strength requirement.
OGEM mud tank adopts centralized electric control, heating and heat preservation system applied for tank body in a polar regions, OGEM AJT series mud tanks feature advantages in drilling site: ensuring no mud loss, reducing environmental pollution, lowering labor intensity and satisfying drilling requirements timely through mud mixing. OGEM can also design and manufacture mud tanks according to customers' specific requirements.
Water Tank
OGEM can design and manufacture water tanks of different shapes ( spherical,oval,circular arc and square bottom shape) and different material water storage tanks .This features of water tank are a elegant appearance and smooth body both outside and inside, nontoxic , tasteless, resistance of acid,alkaline,wallop,high temperature and coldness along with convenient installation,transportation ,easy cleaning and maintenance,strong suitability and etc.It can be widely used in fields of petrochemical industry,food industry and industrial consumption.
Diesel Tank
OGEM diesel tank is the specialized tank for diesel and generator, which mainly consists of storage of tank, self priming centrifugal oil pump, filter, flowmeter, explosion-proof liquid-level switch, liquid level meter, elevated oil tank & manifold, stainless steel valve. The elevated oil tank can be put in the skid before transportation and the pipelines of elevated tank & storage tank do not need to be dismantled.The top platform is made of plate and there are drain holes on the bottom.The oil tank also has dust suction valve,spring and wave cutter inside

Being the first professional manufacturer of Solid Control System in China, Kosun is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three Solids Control Equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . Kosun solids control equipments & systems, Kosun waste management equipments, and its turn-key ecommerce solutions play important roles in rigs for drilling and serving Oil-Gas, Geothermy, Shale gas and Coal Bed Methane, construction, and for municipal sewerage system.
OGEM solids control system for oil & natural industry
OGEM products include Solids control equipments including liner shale shaker, balanced elliptical motion shaker, shale shaker screen, Desander, Desilter, Vacuum Degasser, Centrifugal Pump, Submersible Slurry Pump, Shear Pump,Mud Agitator, Mud Gun, Drilling Fluid Mud Cleaner, decanter centrifuge, Jet Mud Mixer, Mud Tank, Diesel Tank, Water Tank, etc;Solids control system including Skid mounted solids control system and mobile solids control system.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

OGEM Solids Control is main professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

Kinds of Pumps Manufactured By OGEM Solids Control for Drilling

In drilling,there are always so many kinds of pumps,but different of them have different applications in drilling,they are installed at different places in the oilfield,play a part in drilling.But do you know the common pumps we used in oil drilling ? There are kinds of pumps  we always see in drilling below.
Submersible
Slurry Pump
YZ series vertical slurry pumps are mainly used for environmental protection, new type building materials , coal washing , municipal projects, thermal power generation, coal gas coking plant,refinery,steel mills,mining,paper making,cement plant,food products factory and other fields to perform pumping of thick oil, oil residue, dirty oil, mud, mortar, running sand and other liquids from the municipal sewerage. It is also suitable for pumping liquids with silt particle and corrosive liquid.
Centrifugal Pump
SB Drilling mud centrifugal pump is used for transporting drilling mud. It can be used as feeding pump for desander, desilter, or used as mixing pump for Jet Mud Mixer. Also it can be used as trip pump and supercharging pump for rig mud pump.
Shear Pump
JQB Shear Pump is mainly used for a quick concoction of high-performance mud so that the time spent on it will be greatly shortened and economic benefits of wells increased.
Screw Pump
The screw pump is an ideal pump to feed decanter centrifuge,the fluids flow along with the shaft ,inner flow speed is slow .capacity remains pressure is steady ,without vortex and agitating.the screw pump can also be used in the drilling waste management for wet mud and cutting transportation
Except  pumps for drilling,OGEM Solids Control also provides customers qualified solids control equipments at their budget. including shale shaker, mud cleaner, decanter centrifuge, centrifugal pump, decanter centrifuge, mud agitator, mud jet mixer, mud gas separator, flare ignition device, whole mud purification system
OGEM is capable of providing customers with series as oil & gas drilling solids control equipment, centrifuges and drilling waste treatment equipment, including 25 categories of products, which are extensively used in oil & gas drilling and workover, coalbed methane drilling, shale gas drilling, water well, geothermal well drilling, trenchless horizontal directional crossing projects, mine gravel staged treatment, tailings treatment, rive dredging works, industrial wastewater treatment, environmentally friendly sewage treatment, waste oil recovery and purification treatment, etc.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

OGEM Solids Control is main professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

OGEM Solids Control shale shaker phone from what win good reputation

OGEM solids control linear motion shaker is especially effective while drilling top-hole sections where heavy and high-volun solids are usually encountered. in these intervals shakers need generate high G-force to effectively move dense solids across the screens, cuttings above 75μm can be brought from well.
Shale shaker separate solids from liquids by utilizing a vibrating basket, which is outfitted with specially designed and sized shale shaker screens. Shakers are considered the most important tool for removing drilled solids. These units remove the majority of drilled solids generated during the typical drilling process. Shale shakers typically generate between five to over eight G-forces of energy for removing solids from the mud system.

Shale shaker is the first stage solids control equipment in the drilling rig, to separate the big drilling cuttings or generally called solids out of the drilling mud. A complete shale shaker is consist of shaker base, screen basket, screen, vibration motor, feeding weir, basket angle adjustment system while drilling (AWD), explosion-proof switch, etc. OGEM Solids Control, as a professional manufacturer on solids control equipment, has much design & product experience on shale shaker, desander, desilter, centrifuge, centrifugal pump, mud agitator, vacuum degasser, etc.
Decanter centrifuge is the 4th phase cleaning equipment in a complete solids control system to separate fine solids. It is the most high technology products among all solids control equipments.
A centrifuge works on the principle of accelerated settling. By imparting addition “G” forces to the content of a centrifuge, solids (in a solids laden fluid) will settle much quicker. To understand how a decanting centrifuge works after desilter , first look at a simple sedimentation vessel. Solids in this fluid will settle to the bottom of the vessel over a period of time. One way to speed the process of settling is to reduce the height of the vessel so the solids do not have as far to drop. If a specific volume is required, the vessels dimensions can be lengthened or widened . Depending on the rheological properties of the fluid and the size and density of the solids, settling time can still prove quite slow.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

OGEM Solids Control is main professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

Shear pump is on the basis of solids control

Shear pump is on the basis of existing centrifugal pump theory, through the improvement to develop a new, efficient centrifugal pump, is designed for quick preparation and dispose drilling fluid in the solids control equipment system. The main application is shear polymer clay, it can mix material effectively, fully hydrate material, save material using, shorten drilling fluid preparation time, supply good drilling fluid performance to drilling process.
Shear Pumps are new type equipments of petroleum and gas for solid control in drilling. Considering the bad working environment of the Shear Pump, OGEM Solids Control has special requirements for both manufacturing and purchasing pivotal accessories to extend the service life. Impeller and packing box are both manufactured by high quality stainless steel; Mechanical seal and importing oil seal.
OGEM Solids Control shear pump is a kind of new type equipment which provides the fast configuration and treatment mud for the user. Usually the users satisfy with configuration high performance mud. This Shearing Pump can mix effectively and hydrate completely the material added in the drilling fluid, save the mud material, reduce the time of configuration, and provide the high performance mud for the well drilling. OGEM shear pump can save over 30% betonies. It is ideal equipment for oil and gas drilling contractor.
Features & Benefits
1. Greatly enhance the hydration of the soil particles;
2. Make the compounds dilute,shear and hydrate in a shorter time while saving over 30% of bentonite;
3. Offer larger capacity and lift to meet the demands on concoction and mud processing.
As a professional manufacturer on solids control equipment, OGEM specialize in designing & manufacturing shale shaker,mud agitator,mud gun, desander, desilter, mud cleaner,decanter centrifuge, jet mud mixer, centrifugal pump, shearing pump, mud tank, vacuum degasser, ignition device, etc. and have been exporting to Russia, Kazakhstan, Egypt, Indonesia, Mexico, Australia, etc. with qualified products & superior service.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee        

Jet mud mixer for drilling mud system

Jet mud mixer is widely used in the solid control system, the device main function is to changing the density, viscosity,water lose and another of the drilling fluid. When used with shear pump, its function will become more better.
With advantages of safety, reliable, easy to moving and handling, OGEM Solids Control Series jet mud mixer is an ideal choice for you in the oil drilling solids control system.

Jet Mud Mixer is a corresponding equipment of solids control system, which meet the needs of solids control drilling fluid weighting and compounding in case of different drilling depth. It is combined with a sand pump(or many sets) and a Jet mixing hopper(or many sets), connected by manifold and valve then installed on a base. Aggravated hopper and sand pump can be connected by manifold and valve, or installed separately.
Jet mud mixer is the equipment match with drilling solids control equipment, usually used to configurate and increase the proportion of drilling fluid, change density, viscosity, water lose etc. It has a more excellent effect if  matched with shear pump, and also can be designed to double jet mud mixer as clients’requirements.
Jet mud mixer is used in solids control system,in this system it is combined with other solids control equipments,such as shale shaker, desander, desilter, mud cleaner, vacuum degasser,decanter centrifuge, submersible slurry pump,shear pump,centrifugal pump,mud agitator, mud gun, shale shaker screen,jet mud mixer,mud tank,etc.This all products OGEM Solids Control can manufacture,also,OGEM provides oilfield services.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is main professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

2014年2月26日星期三

Mud Tank and Corollary Solids Control Equipment

In drilling waste management, mud tank is an important oil drilling mud equipment.

As is an indispensable part of oil drilling fluid solids control system, mud tank has been improved a lot in recent years. According to the tank bottom shape, mud tank is divided into square mud tank and conical tank. Tank body adopts flat conical structure or corrugated structure, welding steel group steel and type. Tank surface and the skid resistance steel plate and strip corridor slip board, tank surface railings with square steel tube making, for barrier free folding structure, firm inserting.

The surface of mud tank is equipped with water to cleaning tank pipeline and equipment, tank surface mesh using zinc dipping treatment. Tank ladder adopts channel steel as the main body, with anti slip strip plate to do the pedal, bilateral guardrail is provided with a safety hook. Oil drilling mud tank construction standard sand, rain proof shelter, tank is provided with heat insulation pipeline.

Corollary solids control equipment for mud tank are shale shaker, vacuum degasser, desander, desilter, all-in-one machine, mud gas separator, mud agitator, sand pump, shear pump, decanting  centrifuge, flare ignition device, jet mud mixer, the mud gun etc..

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

Mud Gas Separator - a Type of Novel and Useful 

Mud gas separator is a type of solids control equipment used for separating the mud gas in drilling fluid. In drilling waste management, mud gas separator adopts anti-sulfur material and is suitable for  processing gas contains H2S.

Mud gas separator is a dedicated device for primary degassing of gas cut mud. It is mainly used for removal of big bubbles whose diameter is larger than φ3 to φ25mm in gas cut drilling fluid. The big bubbles make the density and viscosity of drilling fluid have big deviation and can’t meet the needs of drilling. If gas cut is serious, it may cause well kick even blowout.

Mud gas separator lets the gas cut mud flow into the separator from the side, along the pipeline and land on the specially designed pulp receiving umbrella, the collision make the area of mud leaking increase, the bubbles expands and rupture under atmospheric conditions. The free gas discharge through the discharge pipe at the top of mud gas separator (the discharge pipe length shall not be less than 50 meters) and lead to the safe area, the electronic flare ignition device will ignite gas.

The degassing drilling fluid discharge into the entrance of mud shaker or distributor of shale shaker.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

The Installation and Use of Cobra Shale Shaker

There is a number of things to notice when install or use shale shaker with cobra screen.

 Placement of equipment should enable the operator to replace the shaker screen in screen on both sides. Suggestions in a round at least 0.6m space. Between the equipment walkways and machine near the channel is very important, in order to facilitate the maintenance of normal.

Equipment preparation: remove the four bolts used in transport and put them in a safe place for standby; check the screen all nuts, bolts and fasteners; check the adjustment pin box for screen angle, to ensure that they are inserted into the appropriate, and the two sides are in the same position; connecting the power installation screen.

Electrical connections: confirm the installation of solids control equipment to ensure the motor voltage and voltage matching; the power cable is connected with the equipment off and make identification; power supply cable installation motor; check the voltage and wiring, and ensure that the connecting fastening; start the motor,check the motor steering, steering how can motor, but must to ensure that the two motor turning in the opposite.

Shaker screen installation: if drilling fluid is circulating, open discharge valve on liquid inlet slot; flushing shale shaker screen when shale shaker operates; close the shale shaker; remove the straining box on both sides of the hammer type wedge to unload screen; remove the sieve tray,cleaning disk in the installation of new screen; replacement of worn out or lost the sealing strip and the support bar (make sure all screen sealing strips are in the correct position, to start the screen); carefully placed pre sieve tray new, do not allow the sieve plate bending phenomenon; check whether the screen level in the sieve box, and the installation is to use a hammer or a crowbar to slip; wedge locking, ensure that the wedge fastening and reliable.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for: 
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei 
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                                


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

The Scraper Discharge Decanter Centrifuge

Solids control system contains various types of equipment and decanting centrifuge is quite important. According to different standard, decanting centrifuge can be divided into different categories. Thereinto, in accordance with overall structure, decanter centrifuge can be divided into  three - column centrifuge, scraper discharge decanting centrifuge, Tube type high speed centrifuge and piston reciprocating discharge centrifuge.
Here, we are mainly discuss scraper discharge decanting centrifuge.

In the picture, you will see a schematic diagram of scraper discharge centrifuge. The suspension from the feed pipe into the horizontal drum continuous operation, with rastellus to make the filter residue deposited uniformly on the drum wall. Stop feeding the cake reaches a certain thickness, wash, drain. Then, by the blade of hydraulic transmission and gradually move up, the filter cake is scraped into the hopper discharge machine, and then cleaning drum. The whole operation cycle was completed in continuous operation, each step adopts hydraulic operated automatic control.

The scraper discharge centrifuge each operation cycle of about 35~90s,continuous operation, large production capacity, good labor condition, 0.1mm is suitable for continuous production process in the filter > particles. The thin, sticky particle filtering often requires a long cycle of operation, the decanter centrifuge is not very economical, and the scraper slag discharge are not completely. Use scraper unloading, crystal particle will be damaged to some extent.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee  

Commonly Used Solids Control Methods

In general, there are five methods for solids control: diluted method, substitution method,the natural sedimentation method, chemical precipitation method and mechanical clearance method.

Diluted method: is to maintain solid content remained unchanged, is added into the drilling fluid with high solid content in the water or other liquid diluted into thin,low solid content drilling fluid (should also be drilling fluid adding chemical at a low solid content).

Replacement method: in order to keep the total volume of drilling fluid, the drilling fluid with high solid content release part, and then in the treatment solution for the equal and low solid mud, mixing after use. Treatment agent solution and low solid mud, mixing after use.

Natural sedimentation method: return drilling fluid in well out back in the ground loop processes within the well drilling fluid in the surface circulation process,because the volume of liquid pool surface drilling fluid, low flow rate, the cuttings in drilling fluid under the action of gravity settling in the bottom and are separated,the use of upper reentry well circulation drilling liquid.

Chemical precipitation method: join in the drilling fluid is a chemical precipitation,agent enables small cuttings dispersion of a contact these chemicals produce flocculation forming larger particles, and the rapid subsidence.

Mechanical cleaning method: the use of solids control system forced the removal of harmful solid phase.

The last method, mechanical cleaning method, is currently widely used. Brightway is a place to buy reliable drilling waste management and solids control equipment at the best price.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

2014年2月25日星期二

How to Choose a Suitable Cyclone Desander

In drilling fluids treatment, a cyclone desander is an essential equipment. Is it wise to choose a cyclone desander without considering situation? Absolutely not. Then, how to choose a suitable one? Which aspects should you pay attention to when selecting this type of solids control equipment? Read the following article and you will find it very useful.

The selection of cyclone desander must consider the treatment of water, outer diameter, working pressure of pipeline, water quality and water quality requirements after the treatment and other factors. In general, when choosing cyclone desander, the premise that meet the flow, give high priority to the use of large equipment, and recommends the use of parallel several sets of equipment in the system instead of large equipment,in order to obtain the better effect of separation of solid and liquid.

Desander, based on φ 300 mm diameter hydrocyclones, added with shale shaker, all the liquid can be discharged recovery underflow phase, and the solid particles of underflow outlet automatically sent. Φ 300 mm diameter hydrocyclone the upper part of the shell structure is reasonable, is conducive to the solid-liquid separation. The cone is a wear resistant cast iron casting, good wear resistance, convenient replacement. Drilling fluid vibration of double motor excitation is equipped with a sieve, convenient repair and maintenance, the screen using crochet tension, tension force uniform, convenient to replace the shaker screen.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

Technical Features of OGEM Solids Control System

The brand Brightway doesn’t have a long history. However, it is one of the famous shakers manufacturer, desander manufacturer. Meanwhile, the solids control system from Brightway enjoys high reputation.

Why Brightway solids control system can be so competitive? Let’s see the technical features.

Firstly, the overall layout of the solids control system is humanized. Good-looking appearance, novel design, strong applicability, perfect performance, advanced process and reasonable layout. Galvanization for the surface of each solids control equipment, heavy antiseptic asphalt paint in the mud tank, outside of the tank features oil and acid corrosion-resistant paint.

Secondly, cold and high temperature resistant, explosion-proof, anti leakage, anti-corrosion, rain proof, thus can adapt to severe drilling conditions. High mud solids control level, high efficiency, accurate mud measurement. Accurate tank positioning and quick connection.

Thirdly, the surface of the tank is provided with a medium pressure mud pipeline and water pipeline. The backside is equipped with a bar type cleaning door, which is convenient and flexible to open. The tank adopts V type corrugated board, the steel is good and beautiful.

What’s more, Brightway can manufacture solids control equipments according to users’ requirements.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

Definitions of Drilling Fluid Solids Control Related Terms

In well drilling, we often hear various drilling fluid solids control related terms. Then, what do they mean?

1) Solid Phase Volume
The total insoluble solid drilling fluid, usually expressed as a percentage by volume. The solid phase volume of high density drilling fluid including low density and high density solid. Solid amount of conventional drilling fluid are low density solid.

2) Low Density Solid
These solids including clay powder and cuttings as goods. Usually in the solid control work assumes that its density is 2.60 or 2.65g/cm3, this assumption has been able to obtain satisfactory results, the actual value may fluctuate between 2.0~3.0g/cm3.

3) Density
Density is the volume in mass per unit. The unit can be used g/cm3. Drilling fluid is composed of different density materials. In the past, the proportion of common concept, now is no longer in use. In solids control system, solids control equipments like desander and desilter are used for adjusting the density of drilling fluid.

4) Cuttings
Drilling is the main solid contamination of drilling fluid, it greatly affects the performance of drilling fluid, must be stable, and therefore can be an important problem in the process of drilling to conventional drilling fluids treatment. Solid control is the control of drill cuttings. Has the direct relationship between the drilling cost and solid control and its effect.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

Performance of Desander and Desilter in Solids Control System

The desander, desilter in solid control system are after shale shaker, their primary use is through the shale shaker and eliminate more tiny solid particles mixed in drilling fluids treatment.

The core components of desander and desilter - hydrocyclone is solid-liquid separation equipment according to the design of the centrifugal sedimentation separation principle, its separation ability for solid phase is associated with structure parameters, their plasma pressure and mud properties. Inner diameter of hydroclones, solid particles can be separated more fine.

Customarily, the diameter greater than 150 mm, only can separate hydrocyclone coarse sand as the desander, inner diameter of 150 to 70, the cyclone can separate fine solid particles into the mud removing device. Hydrocyclone diameter, inlet size and inlet pipe shape, circulation, overflow size and overflow tube insertion depth, underflow size are important factors influencing the working characteristics of swirl.

Handling capacity of hydrocyclone and its diameter is proportional to the square of the overflow of solid particles, with diameter increases. An overflow pipe is inserted too deep or too low will cause the overflow of solid particle size increases. Underflow size is too large or too small to underflow discharge is disadvantage. At present, the handling capacity of desander and desilter is roughly the same, about 150 ~ 200m3/h,and the solid phase separation ability is mainly determined by the diameter of hydrocyclone.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

Overall Layout and Process of Solids Control System

The overall layout and process of solids control system is worthy of careful fastidious, for the work performance and responsible for the cleanup task of each kind of solids control equipment are fixed, which cannot be replaced by each other, and order cannot be reversed. The general layout and process sequence is the shale shaker, vacuum degasser, desander (desilter or mud cleaner), decanting centrifuge.

Since the drilling fluid from wellhead back out with a large number of cuttings (harmful solid), through the wellhead elevated drilling tank (with a certain slope horizontal)under the action of gravity to the first level purifying equipment down stream entrance - shale shaker,screening by shale shaker, the harmful particles larger than mesh will be discharged.

When the drilling fluid gas extraction, get drilling fluid through shale shaker's purification in sand tank, using suction function of degasser vacuum pump, cause negative pressure in the vacuum tank, drilling fluid under the influence of the atmospheric pressure into the deaerator for separation, gas separating out the row to the top of the derrick vent, in addition to gas after the drilling fluid in the exhaust cavity rotor drive lower purification tank into the drilling fluid in the second chamber.

If the drilling fluid does not contain gas, vacuum degasser can be used as high-power mud agitator, keep the drilling fluid purification tank does not precipitate.
Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.

2014年2月24日星期一

Mud Cleaner in Drilling Fluid Recycling System

The drilling mud cleaner is a major equipment in drilling fluid recycling system,we can design customized cost-effective mud cleaner for customers special needs. OGEM mud cleaner can meet almost all needs for oil & gas well drilling fluids treatment system and HDD mud recycling system.
drilling mud cleaner

When the mud cleaner handles the weighted drilling fluid, the drilling fluid which is already handled enters into drilling fluid system from the overfall of the swirler. The drill cuttings, barite and a little liquid phase discharged from the underset and go to the highly detail screen. Because of the granularity of barite is 2~74um mostly, it will return to the drilling fluid system with the liquid phase and the drill cuttings which are smaller than the sieve mesh, the drill cuttings which are larger than the sieve mesh will be discharged from screen surface. In this way, mud cleaner cleans the drilling fluid, stabilizes the performance of drilling fluid and recycles the barite and the liquid phase.
Mud cleaner is consist of manifold, shale shaker,desander and desilter. First the drilling fluids are sucked up to 0.25Mpa ~ 0.4Mpa by centrifugal pump, and enter into the cones through the side inlet which is normally only 2-1/2″ diameter. The fluids then flow spirally inside of the cone. Effected by the centrifugal force, the heavy solids in the fluids would be throwed towards the inner wall of the cones, go down to the bottem, and discharge through the sand discharge port, while the light fluids would go up and discharge through the upper oulet. The diameter of the bottom discharge port is adjustable, and with a cover of hydrocyclone.

As a leader and professional in China solids control and drilling waste management,OGEM always provides the highest quality equipments and oilfield services and solutions. OGEM provides 25 categories of products, and can also customize packaged design and matching products of oil & gas drilling rigs for drilling contractors.

More information about shale shaker, you can visit:
http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/category/product-case

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

OGEM mud cleaner in drilling fluid solids control system

Mud cleaner is the second or third stage solids control equipment in drilling fluid solids control system, which deals with the mud after being treated by the first grade separation equipment. The barite will be recovered and cuttings which are bigger than barite will be removed. Then the barite in the underflow will flow into mud tanks through the shale shaker screens when the weighted mud passes while the particles that are bigger than mesh will be removed.
Mud cleaner is a combination of hydrocyclones and a shale shaker, hydrocyclones include desander hydrocyclone and desilter hydrocyclone. Mud cleaner it is also called desander and desilter integrated cleaner. The desander is distributed in a line pattern, while the desilter is distributed in a round pattern.
OGEM Mud Cleaner Advantages
1.The mud cleaner provides efficient removal of sand and silt particles larger than 20 microns, and some as small as 15 microns. Removing and drying drilled solids helps meet environmental regulations by minimizing waste generated and reducing disposal cost.
2.Processing capacity of 1,000 gpm with the 2-12 desander and 900 gpm with the desilter concentrates solids onto a shale shaker
3.The mud cleaner can be operated with the 2-12 desander, desilter or both to process weighted or unweighted fluid systems.
4.The mud cleaner helps minimize maintenance, repair and replacement of downstream equipment.
5.The mud cleaner reduces sand and silt-size particles and saves liquid, thus reducing mud cost, chances of stuck pipe and lost circulation and improving rate of penetration.
6.The mud cleaner minimizes waste generated thus reducing disposal cost.
All units can be provided with 380V / 50Hz or 460V / 60Hz; generate a noise level less than 80 decibels (dB); and are fitted with an adjustable deck capable of inclinations of -2 to +5 degrees.
Drilling Mud Cleaner Maintenance
Usually, it operate 500h we should maintain it, the main part are rotating part, tensioning the firmware and replace part of lose efficacy components.
It operate 4000h, it need to overhaul, the main content is maintenance the cleaner all sided, replace the cone, check the insulation of the electrical machine, lubrication or tensioning all parts, at last we should paint the anti corrosion treatment.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              


OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control

System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon

exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids

control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for

CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more

information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control

equipment,you can contact us online.

OGEM Solids Control drilling mud cleaner exported to Tunisia

OGEM Solids Control drilling mud cleaner exported to Tunisia.A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and desilters mounted over a shale shaker with a fine mesh screen. A mud is fed to the inlet of the hydrocyclone desander and hydrocyclone desilter to separate particles and the underflow passes to the fine screen mesh where in particles larger than barite are discarded and thrown away. In most drilling solids control system, a mud cleaner is installed in its mud systems. It is usually located in a mud tank in the same location as with the desilters.OGEM Solids Control is a mud cleaner supplier in China.
drilling fluid mud cleaner

OGEM has already established links with many Tunisia national drilling company and Tunisia national mud Service Company. Only this year, they have exported many sets of solid control equipment and waste management equipment to Tunisia.

Desanders and desilters are solid control equipment with a set of hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from the drilling fluids in drilling rigs. Desanders are installed on top of the mud tank following the shale shaker and vacuum degasser, but before the desilter. Desander removes the abrasive solids from the drilling fluids which cannot be removed by shakers. Normally the solids diameter for desander to be separated would be 45~74μm, and 15~44μm for desilter.

OGEM is one of the professional solids control equipment manufacturers.OGEM Solids Control supply solids control equipment for sale, including shale shaker,drilling centrifuge,desander,desilter,mud cleaner, vacuum degasser,centrifugal pump,submersible slurry pump, shear pump, mud agitator,jet mud mixer, mud gun,mud tank, diesel tank, screw pump,water tank, complete solids control system, etc.

More information about mud cleaner, you can visit
http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/category/product-case

OGEM Solids Control is thet professional manufacturer of Solids Control System in China, OGEM  is a vital part of the world hydrocarbon exploration and production industry, as well as one of top three solids control equipment suppliers in China, which offers its products for CNPC, CNOOC ,HH, Gazprom, RG, etc . If you want to know more information about solid control system and oil drilling solids control equipment,you can contact us online.
Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee

2014年2月23日星期日

OGEM Solids Control Mud Circulating System

Drilling fluids circulaion system is also Called solids control system,Drilling fluids processing system.OGEM is a China based drilling fluids Drilling fluids circulation system manufacturer

Drilling fluid is classified as water base utilizing water as the liquid phase. The solid phase of any drilling fluid is either commercial solids or drilled solids. Most commercial solids such as bentonite have a relative particle size of less than one micron. (.000039 inches).

Drilled solids are those particles that enter the mud system in the form of cuttings from the bit or back reamer or from borehole debris. These solids vary in size from less than one micron & larger depending on the carrying capabilities of the drilling fluid. Note that spindle speed and the amount of push or pull force require to drill play an important factor on the particle size of the cuttings.
One of the most important objectives in solids control is to remove as many of the large particles as is practical the first time that these solids are pumped out of the borehole. This requires properly designed and installed solids removal mechanical treating equipment sized to process a minimum of 100% up to 125% of the mud circulation rate. Solids that are not removed during the first circulation through the surface equipment are subjected to mechanical degradation by the drill bit, reamers and mud pumps during each circulation cycle until they are too fine for removal by mechanical means.
In order to evaluate the removal capabilities of the various pieces of mechanical treating equipment, it is necessary to consider the source of the solids and classify them according to the following sizes:
440 microns or larger   large drilled solids (*cuttings) By Shale Shaker
74 to 440 microns sand   Be separated by Desander in drilling fluids circulation
2 to 74 microns  silt       Be separated by Desilter in drilling fluids circulation
0.5 to 2 microns clay     Be separated by decanting Centrifuge in drilling fluids circulation
0.5 microns & smaller  colloids

Note:  ( .001 inches = 25.4 microns so 1” = 25,400 microns )

Buy good price,reliable  drilling fluids Drilling fluids circulation system and related equipments from China supplier.
solids control equipment http://chinesesolidscontrol.blogspot.com/
solids control  http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

Drilling Mud Circulation System in Mining Industry

Mining industry always have strict regulation for safe consideration . Ex-proof and strict regulation for electrical is very important. Drilling mud circulation system is a series of equipments for drilling mud cleaning with electrical power.  OGEM Solids Control is one of the top manufacturer for drilling mud circulation system which is fully meet the strict regulating for minding industry.

Drilling Mud Circulation System Contracture

Drilling mud tanks is the basis of drilling mud circulation system , based on different of drilling mud storage request to choose different size of tanks and qty of tanks . Shale shaker is the first phase of mud circulation system . Desander and Desilter will be the second and third phase of mud circulation with centrifugal pump for feeding drilling mud . Decanter centrifuge will be using after desilter as the fouth phase of drilling mud circulation system . To meet strict mud content request , a jet mud mixer is used for mixing fuctions . Lastly the cleaned mud will be supplied to drilling rig by a mud pump . The total drilling mud circulation system will be finished.

OGEM BEM shale shaker advantages for a total drilling mud circulation system

Adopt ANSYS limited element analysis to optimize structure
Adopt SS304 or Q345 high-strength alloy material
Heat treatment on complete shaker deck
Shaker surface is coated with heavy anticorrosive paint
Vibration motor is from Italy Oli
BEM shaker was praised by government and got “National technology progress awards”
Compared with linear motion shale shaker, treating capacity increased by 20%-30%,discharge speed increased by 10%-20%
After years of experience, OGEM has been one professional manufacturer for drilling mud circulation system. Over 40 countries of sales helps OGEM get more knowledge for drilling mud circulation system and manufacturer equipments more suitable for clients all over the world.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

What is Drilling fluids about solids control?

The drilling-fluid system—commonly known as the “mud system”—is the single component of the well-construction process that remains in contact with the wellbore throughout the entire drilling operation. Drilling-fluid systems are designed and formulated to perform efficiently under expected wellbore conditions. Advances in drilling-fluid technology have made it possible to implement a cost-effective, fit-for-purpose system for each interval in the well-construction process.
Overview

The active drilling-fluid system comprises a volume of fluid that is pumped with specially designed mud pumps from the surface pits, through the drillstring exiting at the bit, up the annular space in the wellbore, and back to the surface for solids removal and maintenance treatments as needed. The capacity of the surface system usually is determined by the rig size, and rig selection is determined by the well design. For example, the active drilling-fluid volume on a deepwater well might be several thousand barrels. Much of that volume is required to fill the long drilling riser that connects the rig floor to the seafloor. By contrast, a shallow well on land might only require a few hundred barrels of fluid to reach its objective.

Functions of drilling fluids

Some of the basic functions of a drilling fluid are as follows:

Cleans the hole by transporting drilled cuttings to the surface, where they can be mechanically removed from the fluid before it is recirculated downhole.
Balances or overcomes formation pressures in the wellbore to minimize the risk of well-control issues.
Supports and stabilizes the walls of the wellbore until casing can be set and cemented or openhole-completion equipment can be installed.
Prevents or minimizes damage to the producing formation(s).
Cools and lubricates the drillstring and bit.
Transmits hydraulic horsepower to the bit.
Allows information about the producing formation(s) to be retrieved through cuttings analysis, logging-while-drilling data, and wireline logs.
Types of drilling fluids

World Oil’s annual classification of fluid systems[1] lists nine distinct categories of drilling fluids, including:

Freshwater systems
Saltwater systems
Oil- or synthetic-based systems
Pneumatic (air, mist, foam, gas) “fluid” systems
Three key factors usually determine the type of fluid selected for a specific well:

Cost
Technical performance
Environmental impact
Water-based fluids (WBFs) are the most widely used systems, and are considered less expensive than oil-based fluids (OBFs) or synthetic-based fluids (SBFs) . The OBFs and SBFs—also known as invert-emulsion systems—have an oil or synthetic base fluid as the continuous(or external) phase, and brine as the internal phase. Invert-emulsion systems have a higher cost per unit than most water-based fluids, so they often are selected when well conditions call for reliable shale inhibition and/or excellent lubricity. Water-based systems and invert-emulsion systems can be formulated to tolerate relatively high downhole temperatures. Pneumatic systems most commonly are implemented in areas where formation pressures are relatively low and the risk of lost circulation or formation damage is relatively high. The use of these systems requires specialized pressure-management equipment to help prevent the development of hazardous conditions when hydrocarbons are encountered.

Drilling-fluid considerations

Drilling-fluid selection remains one of the most important components of a successful well-construction operation. Drilling-fluid service companies help operators to overcome the familiar issues (e.g., lost circulation) as well as the challenges that are brought on by drilling in ultradeep waters, extreme HP/HT formations, or remote environmentally sensitive areas by providing:

Analytical tools
Test equipment
Stockpoint facilities
Innovative materials
The ability to simulate downhole conditions and optimize fluid design will continue to help reduce nonproductive time, and real-time management of hole conditions through data feed from downhole tools allows the operator and drilling-fluid specialist to fine-tune drilling parameters.

The demand for drilling-waste-management services that are dedicated to reducing, recovering, and recycling the volume of spent fluids and drilled cuttings continues to grow rapidly. These services and the related equipment have demonstrated their worth by helping operators achieve environmental compliance, reducing disposal costs, and returning more fluid and water for reuse in multiple applications.


Drilling-fluid services of some kind are required on every well. They encompass a broad spectrum of systems, products, software, personnel specializations, and logistical support. As wells become more complex, total drilling costs can increase dramatically. Because the drilling-fluid system comes in contact with almost every aspect of the drilling operation, proper drilling-fluid selection can help the operator minimize costs throughout the well-construction process.
solids control equipment http://chinesesolidscontrol.blogspot.com/
solids control  http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for: 
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei 
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/

Skype:burning_lee                                

Oil Drilling Mud Circulation System

While drilling oil well , we will use drilling mud to help drilling .

Fuctions of drilling mud
1. Suspending drilling cuttings while stop of drilling .

2. Suitable pressture to prevent blowout accidents.

3. Buoyancy of the drilling pipe , lower the pressure of drilling equipments.

4. Lubricating and colling drilling pipe .

Drilling mud plays a very important function for oil drilling . So keep the character of drilling mud will be important . There are sevaral ways to processing driling mud , and solids control equipments is the best and most effecitive way .

ZJ70 drilling mud circulation system(7000meters well)


Drilling fluid and equipment maintenance cost can decrease greatly when proper solids control practices are utilized. From a fluid control stand point it would be desirable in most cases to remove all drilled solids. Although this is possible, it would be cost prohibitive. The goal of a solids control system is to achieve the balance between mechanical solids separation and dilution that will result in drill solids being maintained at an acceptable level with a minimum of cost.

OGEM Solids Control as a leading manufacture for solids control equipment in China . Welcome you visit and inquries  warmly .。

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:
OGEM Solids Control)
Address: NO.2 Jingxi Road,Lunan District,Tangshan city,Hebei
province,China
Tel: 86-315-8676484
Fax: 86-315-2648099
Zip Code: 063000
Email: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com
Website: http://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
Skype:burning_lee                              

How Oil Drilling Works

in 2008 alone, the United States produced an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil per day and imported 9.8 million barrels per day from other countries [source: U.S. Energy Information Administration]. This oil gets refined into gasoline, kerosene, heating oil and other products. To keep up with our consumption, oil companies must constantly look for new sources of petroleum, as well as improve the production of existing wells.
How does a company go about finding oil and pumping it from the ground? You may have seen images of black crude oil gushing out of the ground, or seen an oil well in movies and television shows like "Giant," "Oklahoma Crude," "Armageddon" and "Beverly Hillbillies." But modern oil production is quite different from the way it's portrayed in the movies.
In this article, we'll examine how modern oil exploration and drilling works. We'll discuss how oil is formed, found and extracted from the ground.
Oil is a fossil fuel found in many countries around the world. On the next page, we'll discuss how oil is formed and how geologists find it.

Forming Oil

Oil comes from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton) that died in ancient seas between 10 million and 600 million years ago. After the organisms died, they sank into the sand and mud at the bottom of the sea.
Over the years, the organisms decayed in the sedimentary layers. In these layers, there was little or no oxygen present. So microorganisms broke the remains into carbon-rich compounds that formed organic layers. The organic material mixed with the sediments, forming fine-grained shale, or source rock. As new sedimentary layers were deposited, they exerted intense pressure and heat on the source rock. The heat and pressure distilled the organic material into crude oil and natural gas. The oil flowed from the source rock and accumulated in thicker, more porous limestone or sandstone, called reservoir rock. Movements in theEarth trapped the oil and natural gas in the reservoir rocks between layers of impermeable rock, or cap rock, such as granite or marble.
These movements of the Earth include:
Folding - Horizontal movements press inward and move the rock layers upward into a fold or anticline.
Faulting - The layers of rock crack, and one side shifts upward or downward.
Pinching out - A layer of impermeable rock is squeezed upward into the reservoir rock.

Locating Oil

Whether employed directly by an oil company or under contract from a private firm, geologists are the ones responsible for finding oil. Their task is to find the right conditions for an oil trap -- the right source rock, reservoir rock and entrapment. Many years ago, geologists interpreted surface features, surface rock and soil types, and perhaps some small core samples obtained by shallow drilling. Modern oil geologists also examine surface rocks and terrain, with the additional help of satellite images. However, they also use a variety of other methods to find oil. They can use sensitive gravity meters to measure tiny changes in the Earth's gravitational field that could indicate flowing oil, as well as sensitive magnetometers to measure tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic field caused by flowing oil. They can detect the smell of hydrocarbons using sensitive electronic noses called sniffers. Finally, and most commonly, they use seismology, creating shock waves that pass through hidden rock layers and interpreting the waves that are reflected back to the surface.
In seismic surveys, a shock wave is created by the following:
  • Compressed-air gun - shoots pulses of air into the water (for exploration over water)
  • Thumper truck - slams heavy plates into the ground (for exploration over land)
  • Explosives - detonated after being drilled into the ground (for exploration over land) or thrown overboard (for exploration over water)
The shock waves travel beneath the surface of the Earth and are reflected back by the various rock layers. The reflections travel at different speeds depending upon the type or density of rock layers through which they must pass. Sensitive microphones or vibration detectors detect the reflections of the shock waves -- hydrophones over water, seismometers over land. Seismologists interpret the readings for signs of oil and gas traps.
Once geologists find a prospective oil strike, they mark the location using GPS coordinates on land or by marker buoys on water.

Oil Drilling Preparation

Once the site has been selected, scientists survey the area to determine its boundaries, and conduct environmental impact studies if necessary. The oil company may need lease agreements, titles and right-of way accesses before drilling the land. For off-shore sites, legal jurisdiction must be determined.
After the legal issues are settled, the crew goes about preparing the land:
  1. The land must be cleared and leveled, and access roads may be built.
  2. Because water is used in drilling, there must be a source of water nearby. If there is no natural source, the crew drills a water well.
  3. The crew digs a reserve pit, which is used to dispose of rock cuttings and drilling mud during the drilling process, and lines it with plastic to protect the environment. If the site is an ecologically sensitive area, such as a marsh or wilderness, then the cuttings and mud must be disposed of offsite -- trucked away instead of placed in a pit.
Once the land has been prepared, the crew digs several holes to make way for the rig and the main hole. A rectangular pit called a cellar is dug around the location of the actual drilling hole. The cellar provides a work space around the hole for the workers and drilling accessories. The crew then begins drilling the main hole, often with a small drill truck rather than the main rig. The first part of the hole is larger and shallower than the main portion, and is lined with a large-diameter conductor pipe. The crew digs additional holes off to the side to temporarily store equipment -- when these holes are finished, the rig equipment can be brought in and set up.
Depending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, it may be necessary to bring in equipment by truck, helicopter or barge. Some rigs are built on ships or barges for work on inland water where there is no foundation to support a rig (as in marshes or lakes).
In the next section, we'll look at the major systems of an oil rig.

Once the equipment is at the site, the crew sets the rig up. Here are the major systems of a land oil rig:

Power system

  • large diesel engines - burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of power
  • electrical generators - powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power
Mechanical system - driven by electric motors
  • hoisting system - used for lifting heavy loads; consists of a mechanical winch (drawworks) with a large steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cable
  • turntable - part of the drilling apparatus
Rotating equipment - used for rotary drilling
  • swivel - large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows the string to rotate and makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole
  • kelly - four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string
  • turntable or rotary table - drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors
  • drill string - consists of drill pipe (connected sections of about 30 feet (10 meters) and drill collars (larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the drill bit)
  • drill bit(s) - end of the drill that actually cuts up the rock; comes in many shapes and materials (tungsten carbide steel, diamond) that are specialized for various drilling tasks and rock formations
Casing - large-diameter concrete pipe that lines the drill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing, and allows drilling mud to circulate

Mud circulation in the hole
Photo courtesy the Energy Institute
Circulation system - pumps drilling mud (mixture of water, clay, weighting material and chemicals, used to lift rock cuttings from the drill bit to the surface) under pressure through the kelly, rotary table, drill pipes and drill collars
  • pump - sucks mud from the mud pits and pumps it to the drilling apparatus
  • pipes and hoses - connects pump to drilling apparatus
  • mud-return line - returns mud from the hole
  • shale shaker - shaker/sieve that separates rock cuttings from the mud
  • shale slide - conveys cuttings to the reserve pit
  • reserve pit - collects rock cuttings separated from the mud
  • mud pits - where drilling mud is mixed and recycled
  • mud-mixing hopper - where new mud is mixed and then sent to the mud pits
Derrick - support structure that holds the drilling apparatus; tall enough to allow new sections of drill pipe to be added to the drilling apparatus as drilling progresses
Blowout preventer - high-pressure valves (located under the land rig or on the sea floor) that seal the high-pressure drill lines and relieve pressure when necessary to prevent a blowout (uncontrolled gush of gas or oil to the surface, often associated with fire)
The Oil Drilling Process
The crew sets up the rig and starts the drilling operations. First, from the starter hole, the team drills a surface hole down to a pre-set depth, which is somewhere above where they think the oil trap is located. There are five basic steps to drilling the surface hole:
Place the drill bit, collar and drill pipe in the hole.
Attach the kelly and turntable, and begin drilling.
As drilling progresses, circulate mud through the pipe and out of the bit to float the rock cuttings out of the hole.
Add new sections (joints) of drill pipes as the hole gets deeper.
Remove (trip out) the drill pipe, collar and bit when the pre-set depth (anywhere from a few hundred to a couple-thousand feet) is reached.
Once they reach the pre-set depth, they must run and cement the casing -- place casing-pipe sections into the hole to prevent it from collapsing in on itself. The casing pipe has spacers around the outside to keep it centered in the hole.
The casing crew puts the casing pipe in the hole. The cement crew pumps cement down the casing pipe using a bottom plug, a cement slurry, a top plug and drill mud. The pressure from the drill mud causes the cement slurry to move through the casing and fill the space between the outside of the casing and the hole. Finally, the cement is allowed to harden and then tested for such properties as hardness, alignment and a proper seal.
In the next section we'll find out what happens once the drill bit reaches the final depth.
NEW DRILLING TECHNOLOGIES
The U.S. Department of Energy and the oil industry are working on new ways to drill oil, including horizontal drilling techniques, to reach oil under ecologically-sensitive areas, and using lasers to drill oil wells.

Testing for Oil

Drilling continues in stages: The crew drills, then runs and cements new casings, then drills again. When the rock cuttings from the mud reveal the oil sand from the reservoir rock, the crew may have reached the well's final depth. At this point, crew members remove the drilling apparatus from the hole and perform several tests to confirm this finding:
  • Well logging - lowering electrical and gas sensors into the hole to take measurements of the rock formations there
  • Drill-stem testing - lowering a device into the hole to measure the pressures, which will reveal whether reservoir rock has been reached
  • Core samples - taking samples of rock to look for characteristics of reservoir rock
Once they've reached the final depth, the crew completes the well to allow oil to flow into the casing in a controlled manner. First, they lower a perforating gun into the well to the production depth. The gun has explosive charges to create holes in the casing through which oil can flow. After the casing has been perforated, they run a small-diameter pipe (tubing) into the hole as a conduit for oil and gas to flow up through the well. A device called a packer is run down the outside of the tubing. When the packer is set at the production level, it's expanded to form a seal around the outside of the tubing. Finally, they connect a multi-valved structure called a Christmas tree to the top of the tubing and cement it to the top of the casing. The Christmas tree allows them to control the flow of oil from the well.
After the well is completed, the crew must start the flow of oil into the well. For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped down the well and out the perforations. The acid dissolves channels in the limestone that lead oil into the well. For sandstone reservoir rock, a specially blended fluid containing proppants (sand, walnut shells, aluminum pellets) is pumped down the well and out the perforations. The pressure from this fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone that allow oil to flow into the well, while the proppants hold these fractures open. Once the oil is flowing, the oil rig is removed from the site and production equipment is set up to extract the oil from the well.

Extracting Oil

After the rig is removed, the crew puts a pump on the well head.
In the pump system, an electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls a polishing rod up and down. The polishing rod is attached to a sucker rod, which is attached to a pump. This system forces the pump up and down, creating a suction that draws oil up through the well.
In some cases, the oil may be too heavy to flow. In these cases, the crew drills a second hole into the reservoir and injects steam under pressure. The heat from the steam thins the oil in the reservoir, and the pressure helps push it up the well. This process is called enhanced oil recovery.
Recently, another type of oil drilling has made the news: offshore oil drilling. Learn more about it in the next section.
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Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for: 
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