2014年1月3日星期五

What kind of vacuum degasser is the best in China.

Degasification

Degasification is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous possible methods for such removal of gases from solids.

Gases are removed for various reasons. Chemists remove gases from solvents when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen-sensitive, or when bubble formation at solid-liquid interfaces becomes a problem. The formation of gas bubbles when a liquid is frozen can also be undesirable, necessitating degassing.

1 Pressure reduction

2 Heating

3 Membrane degasification

4 Substitution by inert gas

5 Addition of reductant

6 Freeze-Pump-Thaw cycling

7 Degassing Wine

Pressure reduction

The solubility of gas obeys Henry's law, that is, the amount of a dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure. Therefore, placing a solution under reduced pressure makes the dissolved gas less soluble. Sonication and stirring under reduced pressure can usually enhance the efficiency. This technique is often referred to as Vacuum degasification. Specialized vacuum chambers, called vacuum degassers, are used to degas materials through pressure reduction.

Heating

Generally speaking, the higher the temperature of a solution becomes, the less a gas dissolves provided it doesn't react with the solvent. Consequently, heating a solution can expel the remaining gas. Ultrasonication and stirring at high heat are also effective. This method needs no special apparatus and is easy to conduct. In some cases, however, the solvent and the solute decompose, react with each other, or evaporate at high temperature, and the rate of removal is less reproducible.

Membrane degasification

Gas-liquid separation membranes allow gas but not liquid to pass through. Flowing a solution inside a gas-liquid separation membrane and vacuating outside makes the dissolved gas go out through the membrane. This method has the advantage of being able to prevent redissolution of the gas, so it is used to produce very pure solvents. New applications are in Ink Jet systems where gas in the ink forms bubbles and degrades print quality, a de gas unit is placed prior to the print head to remove gas and prevent the build up of bubbles keeping good jetting and print quality.

The above three methods are used to remove all dissolved gases. Below are methods for more selective removal.

Substitution by inert gas

Bubbling a solution with an inert gas substitutes the dissolved harmful, reactive gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen, argon, helium, and other inert gases are commonly used. To complete the substitution, the solution should be stirred vigorously and bubbled for a long time. Because helium is not very soluble in most liquids, this technique is also used to reduce the risk of bubble formation in HPLC systems.

Addition of reductant

If oxygen should be removed, the addition of reductants is sometimes effective. For example, especially in the field of electrochemistry, ammonium sulfite is frequently used as a reductant because it reacts with oxygen to form sulfate ions. Although this method can be applied only to oxygen and involves the risk of reduction of the solute, the dissolved oxygen is almost totally eliminated.

Freeze-Pump-Thaw cycling

In this laboratory-scale technique, the fluid to be degassed is placed in a Schlenk flask and flash-frozen, usually with liquid nitrogen. Next a vacuum is applied, and the flask is sealed. A warm water bath is used to thaw the fluid, and upon thawing, bubbles of gas form and escape. The process is typically repeated three times.

Degassing Wine

Yeast uses sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. In wine making, carbon dioxide is an undesired by-product for most wines. If the wine is bottled quickly after fermentation, it is important to degas the wine first before bottling.

Wineries can often skip this step by aging their wines prior to bottling. Storing the wines in steel and wood barrels for months and sometimes years allow gases to be released from the juice and escape back into the air through air-locks.

Tangshan Aojie Petroleum Machinery Equipment Make Co., Ltd (Short for:OGEM Solids Control) focused on professional mud process. Based on users’ actual demand through the integration team of professional design and solids control technology to provide high quality drilling mud process equipments.

OGEM Solids Control?products include:Complete drilling mud system, O&G drilling fluid solids control equipment, slurry separation system, HDD mud recovery unit, shale shaker,mud cleaner, decanter centrifuge, centrifugal pump,mud mixing pump, mud mixer/agitator, mud gun/jet gun,?gas-buster/poor boy degasser,flare igniter, vacuum degasser, mud tank, and all relevant mud equipments?spare parts.

contac us:ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

2014年1月2日星期四

What kind of Desander is the best in China.

Desander

Desanders and desilters are solid control equipment with a set of hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from the drilling fluids in drilling rigs. Desanders are installed on top of the mud tank following the shale shaker and the degasser, but before the desilter. Desander removes the abrasive solids from the drilling fluids which cannot be removed by shakers. Normally the solids diameter for desander to be separated would be 45~74μm, and 15~44μm for desilter.
A centrifugal pump is used to pump the drilling fluids from mud tank into the set of hydrocyclones.
Solids control

Desanders have moving parts. The larger the internal diameter of the desander is, the greater the amount of drilling fluids it is able to process and the larger the size of the solids removed. A desander with a (10 inches (250 mm) cone) is able to remove 50% of solids within the 40-50 μm (micrometre) range at a flow rate of 500 US gallons per minute (32 L/s), whilea desilter (4 inches (100 mm) Cone) is able to remove 50% of solids within the 15-20 μm range at a flow rate of 60 US gallons per minute (3.8 L/s). Micro-fine separators are able to remove 50% of solids within the 10-15 μm range at a flow rate of 15 US gallons per minute (0.95 L/s). A desander is typically positioned next-to-last in the arrangement of solids control equipment, with a decanter centrifuge as the subsequent processing unit. Desanders are preceded by gas busters, gumbo removal equipment (if utilized), shale shaker, mud cleaner (if utilized) and a vacuum degasser. Desanders are widely used in oilfield drilling. Practice has proved that hydrocyclone desander is a kind equipment of economic and effective.
See also
See Drilling rig (petroleum) for a diagram of a drilling rig.
Silt fence
Silt

contact me: ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

What kind of Shale shakers is the best in China.

Mud cleaner

A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and/or desilters to remove drilled solids from mud.

Mud Cleaner (courtesy of Fluid Systems, Inc.)

1 History

2 Description

3 Process Flow

4 Purpose

History

Although US Patent No.3,766,997 covering Mud Cleaner was issued on October 23, 1973 granted to J.K. Heilhecker and L.H. Robinson and assigned to Exxon Production Research Company, it was found invalid and efforts for re-issue was unsuccessful because of the existence of prior art filed at the British Patent Office by a German Inventor in the late 1800s.

Nowadays, mud cleaner used in oilfield means the equipment processing drilling mud. It is combined with desander cone and desilter cone as well as bottom shaker. It is called 2nd and 3rd phase solids control equipments

Description

A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and/or desilters mounted over a shaker with a fine mesh screen. A mud is fed to the inlet of the hydrocyclone (desander and/or desilter) to separate particles and the underflow passes to the fine screen mesh where in particles larger than barite are discarded and thrown away. In most drilling operations, a mud cleaner is installed in its mud systems. It is usually located in a mud tank in the same location as with the desilters.

Process Flow

The weighted mud flows to the inlet head section of the desander and/or desilter entering the hydrocyclones for separation of particles. Mud leaving the underflow is further screened with fine mesh to separate larger particles allowing only barite size particles to pass through the screen returning and recovering then the clean mud.

Purpose

The purpose of the mud cleaner is to remove drilled solids larger than barite. Solids larger than 74-105 micrometres can be removed by the mud cleaner before the viscosity builds up. Mud cleaner can effectively control weighted drilling fluid solid content. Prevent differential pressure sticking, adhesion stuck drill accident, reduce the drill string and the filter cake thichness on bond issues.

contact me:ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

Mud Process System-HDD Mud Recycling System

What is the HDD mud recycling system?

HDD, horizontal directional drilling, is a steerable trenchless method of installing underground pipes, conduits and cables in a shallow arc along a prescribed bore path by using a surface-launched drilling rig, with minimal impact on the surrounding area. HDD mud recycling system is a necessary part in the drilling process, using solids control equipments to seperate solids in mud, protecting drilling rig.

The system includes shale shaker,vacuum degasser,desander,desilter,decanter centrifuge,the total five class solids control is a reasonable confifuration,make the work more confortable to keep the high efficiency and stability on the drilling.

OGEM’s HDD Mud Rrecycling System

Application of solids phase control system in horizontal directional drilling: the solid control recycling systems used in China manufactured half in domestic and half imported. The imported systems are mainly diminutive, imported with relevant associated drilling rigs; The domestic systems are usually large, manufactured customized. Whether domestic or imported, the selection of solids control system is mainly based on the following rules:

1 The type and size of particles which need to be eliminated or controlled;

2 The quality of mud which need to be maintained.

3 The capacity of drilling rig, clearance rate and cycle rate of solid phase.

TangShan OGEM Solids Control is a professional manufacturer of Horizontal Directional Drilling System. Our engineers have more than ten years of design and production experience of horizontal directional drilling system, all of clients who using our HDD System give a high praise and become regular customers. Our company has mature production process and quality control system.

More info about our HDD mud recycling system,can contact us no hesitate.

contact me:ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

Oil drilling mud shearing pump for sale

Drilling mud shearing pump is one kind of centrifugal pump. It includes overhead belt, and centrifugal pump. Furthermore, some of oil drilling shearing pump will include venturi hopper, overhead belt and centrifugal pump assembly.

Shearing pump general information

According to its feature, we also call it as overhead belt drive centrifugal pump. The JQB series shearing pump is suitable for hazardous and aggressive chemical service. Capable for shearing oil drilling mud.

Usually, the shearing pump capacity can be 528GPM and 440GPM. The motors power will be 75HP or 60HP. This depends on the matching cenrifugal pump power. The shearing pump is self-pumping, very compact and high efficient.

Oil rig shearing pump technique specs

Single stage rotor/stator configurations as standard. For those applications that require greater shear, other special requirements can be customized configuration.

Product is made of national standard carbon steel from top steel company HBIS. Special materials available on request. Such as contact parts can be S.S304, S.S316 even better.

This type oil rig shearing pump is wash down duty and explosion proof motors are available as standard. Inverted rated, stainless steel and other motors are available as optional extra.

For the feed inlet and output connections all sanitary or flange fittings available upon request

other design on oil drilling mud shearing pump

The oil drilling mud shearing pump is widely used in China and other overseas countries. However, the domestic shearing pump will be designed as only overhead belt centrifugal pump. Overseas users prefer the shearing pump combined with venturi hopper.

They call that type pump as jet shearing pump or high shear mixer. This combination is highly efficient and rapid in operation and capable of reducing mixing times. This configuration enables any machine to mix, emulsify, homogenize, solubilize, suspend, disperse and disintegrate solids.

Main benefits on oil drilling shear mixer are aeration free, Self-pumping, No bypassing, Easy maintenance, Eliminates agglomerates and fish eyes, Creates stable emulsions and suspension, Reduces particle size, rapidly dissolves solids, etc.

Above information are main content on oil drilling mud shearing pump for sale. If you are interested or have further question please contact OGEM Equipment freely.

contact me:ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

Oil drilling mud shearing pump for sale

Shearing pump general information

Oil rig shearing pump technique specs

Single stage rotor/stator configurations as standard. For those applications that require greater shear, other special requirements can be customized configuration.

Product is made of national standard carbon steel from top steel company HBIS. Special materials available on request. Such as contact parts can be S.S304, S.S316 even better.

This type oil rig shearing pump is wash down duty and explosion proof motors are available as standard. Inverted rated, stainless steel and other motors are available as optional extra.

For the feed inlet and output connections all sanitary or flange fittings available upon request

other design on oil drilling mud shearing pump

Above information are main content on oil drilling mud shearing pump for sale. If you are interested or have further question please contact OGEM Equipment freely.

contact me:ogem2@ogemsolidscontrol.com

What kind of Shale shakers is the best.

Shale shakers are components of drilling equipment used in many industries, such as coal cleaning, mining, oil and gas drilling.They are considered to be the first phase of a solids control system on a drilling rig, they are used to remove large solids also called cuttings from the drilling fluid, more commonly called "Mud" due to its similar appearance.

Drilling fluids are integral to the drilling process and, among other functions, serve to lubricate and cool the drill bit as well as convey the drilled cuttings away from the bore hole. These fluids are a mixture of various chemicals in a water or oil based solution and can be very expensive to make. For both environmental reasons and to reduce the cost of drilling operations, drilling fluid losses are minimized by stripping them away from the drilled cuttings before the cuttings are disposed of. This is done using a multitude of specialized machines and tanks.

Shale shakers are the primary solids separation tool on a rig. After returning to the surface of the well the used drilling fluid flows directly to the shale shakers where it begins to be processed. Once processed by the shale shakers the drilling fluid is deposited into the mud tanks where other solid control equipment begin to remove the finer solids from it. The solids removed by the shale shaker are discharged out of the discharge port into a separate holding tank where they await further treatment or disposal.

Shale shakers are considered by most of the drilling industry to be the most important device in the solid control system as the performance of the successive equipment directly relates to the cleanliness of the treated drilling fluid.

Mudloggers usually go out and check the shakers for rock samples that have circulated from bottom. They separate the rock from the drilling fluid and take it into an onsite lab where they dry out the samples and label them according to depth. They then look at the samples and anaylze what kind of rock they have at a certain depth. This helps determines what depth that type of rock was encountered.

Structure

Shale shakers consist of the following parts:

Hopper - The Hopper, commonly called the "base" serves as both a platform for the shaker and collection pan for the fluid processed by the shaker screens, also known as "underflow". The hopper can be ordered according to the needs of the drilling fluid, aka "mud" system. It can come in different depths to accommodate larger quantities of drilling fluid as well as have different ports for returning the underflow to the mud system.

Oil well Shaker

Feeder- The Feeder is essentially a collection pan for the drilling fluid before it is processed by the shaker, it can come in many different shapes and sizes to accommodate the needs of the mud system. The most commonly used feeder is known as the weir feeder, the drilling fluid enters the feeder usually through a pipe welded to the outside wall near the bottom of the feeder tank, it fills the feeder to a predetermined point and like water flowing over a dam the mud (drilling fluid) spills over the weir and onto the screening area of the shaker. This method of feeding the shaker is most widely used due to its ability to evenly distribute the mud along the entire width of the shaker allowing for maximum use of the shaker's screening deck area.

Some feeders can be equipped with a bypass valve at the bottom of the feeder which allows the drilling fluid to bypass the shaker basket and go directly into the hopper and back into the mud system without being processed by the shaker screens.

Screen Basket- Also known as the screen "bed" it is the most important part of the machine, it is responsible for transferring the shaking intensity of the machine, measured in "G's", while keeping the "shaking" motion even throughout the entire basket. It must do all that while holding the screens securely in place, eliminating drilled solids bypass to the hopper and allowing for easy operation and maintenance of the machine. Different brands of shakers have different methods of fulfilling these demands by using specialized screen tensioning apparatus, rubber seals around the screens, basket reinforcement to limit flex, rubber Float Mounts rather than springs, rubber Deck seals and selective vibrator placement.

New Shale Shakers

Basket Angling Mechanism- The shaker basket must be capable of changing its angle to accommodate various flow rates of drilling fluids and to maximize the use of the shaker bed, this is where the angling mechanism plays an important part. The drilling fluid flowing over the shaker bed is designated into two categories:
- Pool: Which is the area of the screening deck that consists mostly of drilling fluid with drilled cuttings suspended within it.
- Beach: Is the area where the fluid has been mostly removed from the cuttings and they begin to look like a pile of solids.

As a rule of thumb the Beach and pool are maintained at a ratio of 80% pool and 20% beach, this of course can change depending on the requirements of cutting dryness and flow rates.

There are various angling mechanisms currently in use which vary from hydraulic to pneumatic and mechanical, they can be controlled from either one side of the shaker or must be adjusted individually per side. Mechanical angling mechanisms can be very dependable often requiring less maintenance but usually take more time to operate than their hydraulic or pneumatic counterparts where as the hydraulic/pneumatic angling mechanisms are much faster to operate and require less a physical means of operation.

Vibrator- This is the device which applies the vibratory force and motion type to the shaker bed. A vibrator is a specialized motor built for the purpose of vibrating, While containing an electric motor to provide the rotary motion it uses a set of eccentric weights to provide an omnidirectional force. To produce the proper Linear motion a second, counter rotating, vibrator is added in parallel to the first. This is what gives us the linear motion, "high G" shaking of the basket.

Mudloggers collecting samples out of the shakers

Some shakers come with an optional third motor on the shaker bed, this motor is most often used to modify the elliptical motion of the basket making it more circular therefore "soften" the motion, but comes at a cost of decreased G's and slower conveyance of the cuttings. This motion is usually used for sticky solids.NOV Brandt VSM 300 shale shaker is the world’s first balanced elliptical motion shaker.

Shaker screen panels

A shaker screen consists of the following parts:

Oil Rig Shaker

*Screen Frame- Much like a canvas for painting a screen has to be supported on a frame in order to do its job, this frame differs between manufacturers in both material and shape. Screen frames can be made from materials such as, square steel tubing, flat steel sheets, plastic type composites or they can just be supported on the ends with strips of steel (similar idea to a scroll). These frames consist of a rectangular shaped outer perimeter which is divided into small individual inner panels. These smaller panels differ in shape from manufacturer to manufacturer and have been known to come in shapes such as square, hexagonal, rectangular and even triangular.

These differing panel shapes are used in an attempt to reduce the quantity of panels on each frame but still provide maximum rigidity and support for the mesh attached to them. The purpose of reducing these panels is to maximize usable screening area as the walls of each panel get in the way of the mesh and prevent it from being used, this is known as "blanking". The non-blanked screening area of a shaker screen is widely used as a selling feature, the more screen surface you have available to work the more efficient your shaker becomes and therefore can handle a higher quantity of fluid.

Screen Mesh- Just like thread is woven together to create cloth, metal wire can be woven to create a metal cloth. Screen Mesh has evolved over many years of competitive screen manufacturing resulting in very thin yet strong cloth designed to maximize screen life and conductance as well as to provide a consistent cut point. To increase the conductance of a mesh screen you have to minimize the amount of material in the way, this is done by either reducing the wire diameter or weaving the cloth to produce rectangular openings. Rectangular openings increase the screens conductance while minimizing the effect on its cut point where as square openings provide a more consistent cut point but offer a lower conductance.

To maximize screen life most manufacturers build their screens with multiple layers of mesh over a very sturdy backing cloth to further protect the cloth against solids loading and wear. The multiple layers of mesh act as a de-blinding mechanism pushing near sized particles, which may get stuck in the openings, out of the mesh reducing blinding issues and keeping the screen surface available for use.

Binding Agent- The binding agent is the material used to bind the mesh to the screen frame, it is designed to maximize adhesion to both materials while being able to handle high heat, strong vibration, abrasive cuttings and corrosive drilling fluids.

Plastic composite screens tend not to use adhesives but rather heat the mesh and melt it into the screen frame to form a bond.

3D Screen Technology- One of the more recent advances in oilfield screen technology has brought us the "3D screen", this technology is an innovative method for increasing the screening area of a shale shaker without the need to build larger machines. When seen from the side these screens look like corrugated cardboard, having a flat bottom and wave like shapes on top. These waves are designed to increase the surface area of the screen panel by building up instead of out, thereby maximizing the surface area of the screen without the need to build larger shaker screens and in turn larger, heavier and more expensive shakers.

There are many claims in regards to the reason for the improved performance of these 3D screens such as:

Increasing the screening area of each panel transfers the load across more surface area and therefore the wear tends to be decreased in comparison to other screens.
The corrugated shape of the screens encourages solids to settle in the valleys of the screen, keeping the peaks of the screen available to process drilling fluid.
The tapered valleys, while moving under high G's, apply a compression force on the solids similar to wringing out a cloth to draw out liquid.
Increasing the surface area of the shaker allows the use of finer screens earlier in the drilling process while maintaining acceptable flow rates and penetration rate. Effectively removing harmful drilled solids before they can begin to wear out the solids control equipment.

Although the performance of these screens is quite impressive the only way to truly gauge the performance of any screen is to try it out and collect comparative data of your own.

Causes of screen failure

The causes of premature screen failure are:

Mishandling of screen panels during storage
Improper handling during installation
Improper installation of shaker screen to shaker basket
Over/Under tensioning
Dirty, worn or improperly installed deck rubbers
Improper cleaning of the screens while in storage
Extremely high mud weight
Heavy solids loading
Improperly manufactured screens
Use of high pressure wash guns to clean or un-blind screens

API standards

API Standard Screen Identification

The American Petroleum Institute (API) Screen Designation is the customary identification for screen panels. This includes:

API Number: the sieve equivalent as per API RP 13C

Conductance: the ease with which a liquid can flow through the screen, with larger values representing higher volume handling
Microns: a unit of length equal to one-thousandth of a millimeter
Non-blanked area: an evaluation of the surface area available for liquid transmission through the screen

订阅：博文 (Atom)

2014年1月3日星期五

Degasification

Degasification is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous possible methods for such removal of gases from solids.

Contents

1 Pressure reduction

2 Heating

3 Membrane degasification

4 Substitution by inert gas

5 Addition of reductant

6 Freeze-Pump-Thaw cycling

7 Degassing Wine

Pressure reduction

Heating

See also: deaerator

Membrane degasification

The above three methods are used to remove all dissolved gases. Below are methods for more selective removal.

Substitution by inert gas

See also: sparging (chemistry)

Addition of reductant

Freeze-Pump-Thaw cycling

Degassing Wine

Yeast uses sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. In wine making, carbon dioxide is an undesired by-product for most wines. If the wine is bottled quickly after fermentation, it is important to degas the wine first before bottling.

Wineries can often skip this step by aging their wines prior to bottling. Storing the wines in steel and wood barrels for months and sometimes years allow gases to be released from the juice and escape back into the air through air-locks.

2014年1月2日星期四

Mud cleaner

A mud cleaner is a combination of desanders and/or desilters to remove drilled solids from mud.

Mud Cleaner (courtesy of Fluid Systems, Inc.)

Contents

1 History

2 Description

3 Process Flow

4 Purpose

History

Nowadays, mud cleaner used in oilfield means the equipment processing drilling mud. It is combined with desander cone and desilter cone as well as bottom shaker. It is called 2nd and 3rd phase solids control equipments

Description

Process Flow

Purpose

Structure

Shaker screen panels

Causes of screen failure

API standards